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Mercury (Hydrargyrum) is a chemical element, the element symbol Hg, in the periodic table of chemical elements in the 6th period, group IIB, 80th, commonly known as mercury, as well as "Bai Lu, Yinnu, Lu, Shen Jiao, Yuan Shui, Lead Essence, Liuzhu, Yuan Zhu, Red Mercury, Sand Mercury, Linglu, Huobao, Ziming" and other aliases, is the only metal that exists in liquid state at room temperature and pressure.
Mercury is a shiny, silvery-white, heavy liquid that evaporates at room temperature. Metallic mercury is reducible, and the oxidation state is available in two forms: +2 and +1. Mercury is an inert metal that is slow to coalesce with oxygen, but reacts with sulfur when mixed and ground to form non-toxic mercury sulfide (HgS), which can be used to treat spilled mercury. Mercury is insoluble in reducing acids or bases, but it can be soluble in oxidizing acids such as nitric acid and hot concentrated sulfuric acid.